Date of Publication :31st June 2024

Abstract:The rapid transition to create and use of sustainable energy to replace fossil fuels has raised demand for batteries. Therefore the Lithium-ion batteries have become an essential component in energy storage applications due to their increased use in electric vehicles, consumer gadgets, and grid-scale storage. It comprise with lithium (2-3%), cobalt (15-25%), manganese (7-12%), copper (10%), aluminum (15%), and nickel (3-8%), which are regarded as a ready secondary supply. The huge consumption of Lithium ion batteries would generate a significant quantity of end-of-life batteries in coming years. The use of these wastes is critical, as it provides environmental and economic benefits while also conserving natural resources. Due to high environmental impact by these waste LIBs and also due to the increasing demand for corresponding critical metals, the recycling of spent lithium ion batteries has attracted significant attention in recent years. In this Paper, complete recycling process is summarized including Pyro metallurgy, Hydrometallurgy, and physical pretreatment techniques, either separately or in combination; especially focusing on hydrometallurgy due to its more advantage as compared to other process/technology. Hydrometallurgical techniques includes leaching with inorganic substances like H2SO4, HCI, and HNO3 or organic acids. Followed by solution purification, precipitation, and solvent extraction techniques. The present review focus on current situation of LIB recycling in India and also focuses on the current scenario, challenges and the available technology for recovering metals from spent LIBs and provides a critical analysis of related research.

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