International Journal of Engineering Research in Electronics and Communication Engineering

Estimation and Comparison of Surface Roughness and AE Parameters of P-20 tool steel Material in Wire Electric Discharge Machining using Multiple Regression Analysis and Group Method Data Handling Technique

Author : Prathik Jain S ¹ H V Ravindra ² G V Naveen Prakash ³ G Ugrasen ⁴

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Date of Publication :20th April 2017

Abstract: Wire Electrical Discharge Machining (WEDM) is a specialized thermal machining process capable of accurately machining parts with varying hardness or complex shapes, which have sharp edges that are very difficult to be machined by the main stream machining processes. Selection of process parameters for obtaining higher cutting efficiency or accuracy in WEDM is still not fully solved, even with most up-to-date CNC wire EDM machine. It is widely recognised that Acoustic Emission (AE) is gaining ground as a monitoring method for health diagnosis on rotating machinery. The advantage of AE monitoring over vibration monitoring is that the AE monitoring can detect the growth of subsurface cracks whereas the vibration monitoring can detect defects only when they appear on the surface. This study outlines the machining of P-20 tool steel material using Lâ€™16 design of experiment. P-20 tool steel material is used for various large-size plastic mould, precision plastic mould, car accessories, home appliances and electronic equipment plastic molds. Each experiment has been performed varying different process parameters like pulse-on, pulse-off, current and bed speed. Among different process parameters, voltage and flush rate were kept constant. Molybdenum wire having diameter of 0.18 mm was used as an electrode. Simple functional relationships between the parameters were plotted to arrive at possible information on surface roughness and AE signals. But these simpler methods of analysis did not provide any information about the status of the work material. Thus, there is a requirement for more sophisticated methods that are capable of integrating information from the multiple sensors. Hence, methods like Multiple Regression Analysis (MRA) and Group Method of Data Handling (GMDH) have been applied for the estimation of surface roughness, AE signal strength, AE absolute energy and AE RMS. The GMDH algorithm is designed to learn the process by training the algorithm with the experimental data. The experimental observations are divided into two sets: the training set and testing set. The training set is used to make the GMDH learn the process and the testing set will check the performance of GMDH. Different models can be obtained by varying the percentage of data in the training set and the best model can be selected from these, viz., 50%, 62.5%, and 75%. The best model is selected from the said percentages of data. The number of variables selected at each layer is usually taken as a fixed number or a constantly increasing number. It is usually given as fractional increase in the number of independent variables present in the previous level. Three different criterion functions, viz., Root Mean Square (Regularity) criterion, Unbiased criterion, and Combined criterion were considered for the estimation. The choice of criterion for node selection is another important parameter for proper modeling. From the results, it was observed that AE parameters and estimated surface roughness values correlated well with GMDH when compare to MRA.

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